To tackle this challenge, a team of scientists from the Chinese Academy of Sciences managed to fold a 20-nanometer-wide sheet of graphene like a sheet of paper using a sharp needle with a single electrically charged atom at its tip, a technique known as the scanning tunneling microscope (STM).

The research was recently published in the journal Science ("Atomically precise, custom-design origami graphene nanostructures").

The STM is an instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level. Its development in 1981 earned its inventors, Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer, the Nobel Prize in physics in 1986.

Unlike previous works which relied on random chance or cutting the graphene material to manipulate its shape and properties, the new method allows the first creation of custom-designed, atomically precise origami graphene nanostructures, Chen Hui, the first author of the research paper, said.

The folded graphene has shown some new traits that are typically lacking in a single sheet of graphene. Among them, the edge of the fold can display electrical properties similar to a carbon nanotube, Chen, a postdoctoral fellow at the academy's Institute of Physics, said.

"The STM and its subsequent technologies not only let us directly observe atoms, but also let us manipulate them like stacking wooden blocks," Chen said.

"In theory, our technique can work on other materials so long as they have good elastic properties. This means we can use the needle to fold other materials as well and create more complex artificial materials that can be used in nanoelectronics, biomedicine and energy."

The shapes made from graphene and similar materials could serve as virtual laboratories to test new predictions about undiscovered states of matter and the laws of physics, he added.

"In the future, we are hoping to popularize our new atom manipulation technique and possibly open a new frontier in related global research," Chen said.

Chinese Academy of Science. Accessed: Sept 16, 2019.

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