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NOVIDADES
When nanocellulose is combined with various types of metal nanoparticles, materials are formed with many new and exciting properties. They may be antibacterial, change color under pressure, or convert light to heat. "To put it simply, we make gold from nanocellulose," says Daniel Aili, associate professor in the Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering at the Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology at Linköping University.  Nanocellulose decorated with metal nanoparticles. Credit: Magnus Johansson
"Nanocellulose consists of thin threads of cellulose, with a diameter approximately one thousandth of the diameter of a human hair. The threads act as a three-dimensional scaffold for the metal particles. When the particles attach themselves to the cellulose, a material that consists of a network of particles and cellulose forms," Daniel Aili explains. The researchers can determine with high precision how many particles will attach, and their identities. They can also mix particles of different metals and with different shapes—spherical, elliptical and triangular.
 As the pressure increases, the material eventually appears to be gold. Credit: Magnus Johansson
One exciting phenomenon is the way in which the properties of the material change when pressure is applied. Optical phenomena arise when the particles approach each other and interact, and the material changes color. As the pressure increases, the material eventually appears to be gold. "We saw that the material changed color when we picked it up in tweezers, and at first we couldn't understand why," says Daniel Aili. The scientists have named the phenomenon "the mechanoplasmonic effect," and it has turned out to be very useful. A closely related application is in sensors, since it is possible to read the sensor with the naked eye. An example: If a protein sticks to the material, it no longer changes color when placed under pressure. If the protein is a marker for a particular disease, the failure to change color can be used in diagnosis. If the material changes color, the marker protein is not present. Another interesting phenomenon is displayed by a variant of the material that absorbs light from a much broader spectrum visible light and generates heat. This property can be used for both energy-based applications and in medicine. "Our method makes it possible to manufacture composites of nanocellulose and metal nanoparticles that are soft and biocompatible materials for optical, catalytic, electrical and biomedical applications. Since the material is self-assembling, we can produce complex materials with completely new well-defined properties," Daniel Aili concludes. More information: Olof Eskilson et al. Self-Assembly of Mechanoplasmonic Bacterial Cellulose–Metal Nanoparticle Composites, Advanced Functional Materials (2020). DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202004766. Linköping University. Posted: August 10, 2020. |
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